Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, causes dry, itchy, and inflamed patches of skin, most often on the hands, inner elbows, backs of the knees, and face. Symptoms tend to come and go in cycles called flares. Persistent itching can disrupt sleep, work, school, and other daily routines. Many people managing this chronic condition start with prescription creams or ointments. When topicals alone do not provide effective symptom relief, other approaches may help support skin health and manage symptoms.
The Value of Hydrated Skin
The skin barrier is the skin’s protective outer layer; it holds in moisture and helps keep out irritants, allergens, and bacteria. In people with eczema, this barrier doesn’t function as effectively, which can lead to dryness and irritation. Applying a thick, fragrance-free moisturizer at least twice daily may help the skin retain water, so look for ingredients like ceramides, glycerin, or petrolatum.
Many dermatologists recommend moisturizing within three minutes of bathing, while the skin is still damp. Ointments and creams contain more oil than lotions, so they may provide longer-lasting hydration. Gentle skincare habits can also reduce irritation, such as:
- Using Mild, Fragrance-free Cleansers
- Taking Short Baths or Showers With Lukewarm Water
- Patting Skin Dry With a Soft Towel
- Choosing Skincare Products for Sensitive Skin
The Benefits of Avoiding Triggers
Eczema triggers are substances or conditions that cause symptoms to flare up, and they vary from person to person. To identify your triggers, keep note of your symptoms, when they appeared, and what you think caused them. Once you know your personal triggers, you can avoid them to reduce symptom flare-ups. Record the products you use, the foods you eat, and the weather conditions, along with any changes in your skin. Some common trigger examples include:
- Irritants (such as Detergents, Fragrances, and Wool)
- Allergens (Like Dust Mites, Pet Dander, and Pollen)
- Environmental factors (Including Dry Air, Cold Weather, and Sweat)
- Emotional Stress
- Certain Foods (Particularly in Young Children)
The Benefits of Medical Support
When moisturizers, trigger avoidance, and topical treatments do not adequately control symptoms, a provider may discuss systemic options. These treatments work throughout the body, not just on the skin’s surface. Eczema involves an overactive immune response that contributes to inflammation and itching, but oral immunosuppressants reduce immune activity. By calming this response, these medications may help reduce itching and allow irritated skin to recover. Oral immunosuppressants can cause significant side effects, so providers typically monitor patients through regular blood tests and checkups.
Biologic therapy is a newer class of treatment that uses living cells to target specific immune proteins that drive inflammation. By blocking these pathways, biologic therapy may reduce inflammation and decrease symptoms such as itching, redness, and thickened skin. Biologics are typically given as injections at regular intervals. Not every person is a candidate for systemic therapy. Your provider will review your health history, symptom severity, and previous treatments before recommending a treatment plan.
Work With an Eczema Specialist
Managing eczema often requires a combination of approaches, but an eczema specialist can evaluate your symptoms and help identify potential triggers. A specialist may also recommend allergy testing, adjust your skincare routine, or discuss whether oral immunosuppressants or biologic therapy are appropriate. Each option carries its own benefits and risks, which your specialist can explain in detail. If your current treatment does not provide adequate relief, schedule an appointment with a specialist to explore your options.
