Epidural injections are an outpatient treatment for certain types of back pain, and the procedure targets the space around the spinal nerves. If you have pain that travels from your back into your legs, your doctor may suggest this option. Here is more information on what the injections contain and how they work:
Delivering Powerful Medicines
When a provider gives an epidural injection, they place the medicine close to the irritated nerve roots. Epidural injections contain a steroid and a local anesthetic. The steroid works on inflammation over several days, and the anesthetic may numb the area within minutes.
Providers use live X-ray guidance called fluoroscopy, and some add a contrast dye to confirm needle placement. Since the medicine goes directly to the source of pain, the dose typically stays smaller than with oral steroids. A smaller dose may be used to limit side effects throughout the body.
Reducing Inflammation
Inflammation plays a major role in many types of nerve-related back pain. When a disc bulges or herniates, it may release chemicals that irritate nearby nerves. These nerves become swollen, and they send pain signals to your back, buttocks, or legs. Typical conditions that involve nerve inflammation include:
- Herniated or bulging discs
- Spinal stenosis
- Degenerative disc disease
- Sciatica-related issues
Once the steroid reaches the inflamed tissue, it reduces the release of these irritating chemicals. The nerve calms down over time, and the swelling may shrink. This process happens gradually over several days. This relief can help improve your mobility and make it easier to get through daily activities comfortably.
Alleviating Back Pain
As inflammation goes down, pressure on the nerve roots often decreases. Some people notice less pain within a few days, but others need a week or more. Results vary from person to person. Some patients feel no change at all.
The anesthetic brings short-term relief, and this effect typically fades within a few hours. Mild soreness at the injection site is also normal. You can track your pain levels each day so you can share them at your follow-up visit.
Many providers pair epidural injections with physical therapy. Lower pain levels may make exercise more manageable, and stronger muscles help support your spine. If your provider gives you activity limits, follow them for the first day or two.
Providing a Long-lasting Solution
While relief from one injection may last weeks or months, the length varies widely. Some patients need only one injection, and others receive a series spaced weeks apart. Most providers limit steroid injections to three or four per year. Epidural injections do not repair damaged discs or bones, and because the underlying condition remains, your provider may suggest other treatments over time. Factors that affect how long relief lasts include:
- The cause and severity of your condition
- The patient’s activity level and posture
- The physical therapy plan
- The patient’s overall health
Schedule Epidural Injections Near You
Your first visit typically includes a review of your symptoms, and your provider may order imaging. If you take blood thinners, tell your provider, since some require a pause before the procedure. Contact a local pain management clinic to schedule a consultation.
